What is turbulence?
4 min · Learn
Turbulence from a pilot's view
4 min · Learn
Recognizing the flight panic loop
5 min · Learn
How dangerous is turbulence, really? 43 years of data
6 min · Learn
What's in the pilot briefing? What you don't see
5 min · Learn
What is the jet stream, and why do you feel it at cruise?
5 min · Learn
24 hours before your flight
5 min · Guides
What to do during turbulence: 4 steps
4 min · Guides
My first flight: a step-by-step guide for first-timers
7 min · Guides
General route view · SFO → JFK
Page updated: 25 Oct, 06:28 UTC
6:00
The model shows light movement in places. Areas like this are ordinary; your actual experience may differ.
→ What to do during turbulence: 4 stepsTurbulence is normal. Keep your seatbelt fastened when seated and follow your crew's instructions.
TAKEOFF
Smooth
First 20 min
CRUISE
Brief
5h 20m
LANDING
Smooth
Last 20 min
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San Francisco → New York route, 4,152 km. This track does not pass through a specifically named corridor. Winter jet stream may cause light bumps at cruise altitude; summer is typically smooth.
This forecast is calculated from ECMWF Open Data, an open weather model (Ellrod TI2), and it only changes when the model refreshes on its own cycle. Refreshing the page every few minutes will not change the result.
Checking over and over tends to feed anxiety. A kinder rhythm is to look once the day before, once before you head to the airport, and then let it go. Being curious is very human; there is no need to be hard on yourself.
If the worry rises, breathe out slowly and feel your feet on the floor; even that much settles the body. All the techniques for fear of flying
San Francisco to New York is about 4,152 km and usually takes around 6h in the air. Most of the track runs over open ground with few features to stir the air.
This track threads jet-stream latitudes, so in winter you may feel a few minutes of light, choppy air high up; summer usually rides calmer.
For most of a flight this length you are at a steady cruise above the weather, where the ride is smooth; the livelier moments, if any, are short.
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Is turbulence dangerous?
Modern aircraft are engineered to handle even the heaviest turbulence. Turbulence is uncomfortable, but not a structural threat. Pilots can change altitude or routing to find calmer air.
Which times of day are smoothest?
Early morning and night flights tend to be smoother — thermal currents from solar heating can cause mild bumps on afternoon departures.
Why are there light bumps at cruise altitude?
At cruise altitude (around 10-12 km), wind shear from the jet stream can produce brief clear-air turbulence. It usually lasts a few minutes; the pilot turns on the seatbelt sign, sometimes adjusts routing.
How reliable is this forecast?
The forecast is computed from the winds of the ECMWF open global weather model. No weather forecast is 100%; treat this as direction, not a guarantee.
How do pilots know about turbulence ahead of time?
Before each flight, pilots get a wind map briefing, ICAO SIGMET (significant meteorological advisories), and pilot reports (PIREPs) from other aircraft. In flight, they stay in active contact with ATC and nearby aircraft.
Learn
What is turbulence?
4 min
Learn
Turbulence from a pilot's view
4 min
Learn
Recognizing the flight panic loop
5 min
Learn
How dangerous is turbulence, really? 43 years of data
6 min
Learn
What's in the pilot briefing? What you don't see
5 min
Learn
What is the jet stream, and why do you feel it at cruise?
5 min
Guides
24 hours before your flight
5 min
Guides
What to do during turbulence: 4 steps
4 min
Guides
My first flight: a step-by-step guide for first-timers
7 min
Data: ECMWF open weather model